🔶 Short answer:

Sonic is the fastest EVM because they've mathematically proven that asynchronous consensus can achieve linear scalability while preserving all security guarantees of traditional "BFT" protocols, simple right?! 🥲

🔶 Long answer:
What is BFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerance)?
BFT ensures a blockchain can function correctly even when up to 1/3 of validators are malicious or offline.

🔸 The BFT Security Math: "2f+1"
Think of it like voting where some voters might be corrupt

f = max bad actors the system can handle
2f+1 = minimum votes needed for safe decisions
The guarantee: Even if ALL bad actors vote, good actors still win

🔸Example with 300 validators:
BFT can handle 99 bad actors max (remaining 201 are honest)
Need at least 199 votes to reach consensus, anything less isn't cutting it in BFT.

Simple rule: if less than 1/3 malicious = network stays secure

🔷 The problem with traditional PBFT (Practical BFT):
🔹Sequential block production = fundamental bottleneck.
🔹Validators must synchronize globally
🔹 each block waits for 2f+1 confirmations before the next can be produced. This serialization kills throughput.

🔷 Sonic's ABFT breakthrough , Lachesis protocol:
🔹 DAG-based architecture: Validators create event blocks in parallel (no waiting in line, already explained it in another post)
🔹 Asynchronous gossip: Event blocks spread via gossip without global sync
🔹 Carmen engine: Optimized storage with live database pruning (HUGE DEAL)
🔹 Enhanced VM: Dynamic bytecode translation replacing standard EVM

🔷 Performance breakdown:
🔹 Event block creation: ~100ms
🔹 Gossip propagation: ~300ms
🔹 Root block consensus: ~500ms
🔹 Main chain finalization: Sub-sec
🔹 Result: 400K TPS (limited by network I/O, not consensus)

🔷 Security maintained:
🔹 Same f < n/3 Byzantine tolerance (2f+1 honest majority)
🔹 Immediate finality (no probabilistic confirmation) 🔹 Economic finality prevents long-range attacks

The breakthrough in ABFT:
Removing synchronization requirements eliminates the bottleneck while keeping the same security math (2f+1)

Btw, If you're like waaaattttttt and your brain hurts by reading so far, then just imagine the amount of work and innovation that has gone into reaching that "Instant Finality" with the tech.

Next time you sign a tx and it's done in a split sec, know that Sonic just did that⬆️entire process in that sub-sec and can do it 399999 more times in that exact sec

🙂