Ethereum Fusaka upgrade will disrupt the market: 12 EIPs hit the pain points, analysts predict ETH will surge to 8000 dollars by the end of the year.

Ethereum is set to undergo a major Hard Fork upgrade codenamed "Fusaka" on December 3, 2025. This upgrade includes 12 carefully designed Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) that will comprehensively enhance network performance in three key areas: scalability, security, and efficiency, laying the groundwork for the future to support trillion-dollar assets. Unlike past upgrades, Fusaka feels more like a revolution of "still waters run deep"; although there is no overwhelming market hype, its impact on the Ethereum ecosystem could surpass that of any previous upgrade. This article will delve into how these 12 EIPs address Ethereum's core pain points and why this upgrade is crucial for both investors and developers.

####Capacity Revolution: Providing Infinite Growth Space for Layer 2

The primary goal of the Fusaka upgrade is to address the scalability issues of Ethereum, particularly by providing cheaper and more efficient data availability services for Layer 2 solutions. The EIPs included in this will fundamentally change Ethereum's scalability model.

#####· EIP-7594: PeerDAS - A Breakthrough in Data Sampling Technology

Core Pain Point: Currently, Ethereum validation nodes must download and verify all Blob data in the blocks, which will become a decentralization bottleneck as the number of Blobs increases.

PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) introduces a revolutionary "sampling check" mechanism that fundamentally changes the way Ethereum handles large amounts of data:

"It's like a collective intelligence puzzle game," explained blockchain architect Sarah Chen. "Each validator only needs to download a small amount of data fragments, and then by exchanging and verifying with each other, they collectively confirm the integrity of the entire dataset. This allows Ethereum to handle much more data than ever before without sacrificing decentralization."

The implementation of PeerDAS is expected to allow each block to accommodate hundreds of Blobs, paving the way for the claimed 10 million TPS in the Teragas vision, while ensuring that ordinary people can still easily run validation nodes.

#####· EIP-7892: BPO Hard Fork - Flexible Adjustment of Scalability Parameters

Core pain point: The parameters of the Ethereum network are too rigid to respond quickly to changes in market demand.

The BPO (Blob Parameter Only Hardfork) mechanism creates a lightweight parameter adjustment method, enabling Ethereum to adjust its Blob capacity more flexibly:

"This is equivalent to installing a remotely adjustable throttle valve on Ethereum," said Ethereum researcher Michael Wong. "Node operators don't even need to upgrade their client software; they just need to accept new parameters at the specified time, which is as simple as updating a configuration file online for the software."

After the Fusaka upgrade, the community plans to execute two consecutive BPO upgrades in a short period of time, gradually doubling the Blob capacity to provide more space for Layer 2.

#####· EIP-7918: Stable Blob Fee Market - Goodbye Price Volatility

Core pain point: The volatility of Blob costs makes it difficult for Layer 2 to plan long-term expenses.

This improvement links the upper and lower limits of Blob fees to the execution costs of Layer 2 on Layer 1, creating a more stable and predictable fee market:

"This is like providing a price protection mechanism for Layer 2," explained DeFi economist Robert Lee, "preventing the 'involution' of the Blob fee market, allowing Layer 2 projects to offer users more stable and reasonable transaction fees, avoiding the roller coaster experience of 'free today, sky-high prices tomorrow.'"

#####· EIP-7935: Increase Mainnet Transaction Capacity - Directly Increase TPS

Core Pain Point: The Gas limit on the Ethereum mainnet has not been adjusted for many years, restricting transaction throughput.

This proposal raises the default Gas limit of the block to a new level (possibly 45 million or higher), directly enhancing the transaction processing capacity of the Ethereum mainnet:

"This is a direct scaling of the Ethereum mainnet," performance optimization expert Jennifer Zhang said. "Each Layer 1 block will be able to package more transactions, alleviating network congestion and the skyrocketing Gas fees, providing users with a better experience."

####Security Fortress: Building a Trillion Dollar Level Security Infrastructure

As the asset value carried by Ethereum continues to grow, security has become more important than ever. Multiple EIPs in Fusaka directly respond to the goals of the Ethereum Foundation's "Trillion Dollar Security (1TS)" initiative, building a stronger defense for the network.

#####· EIP-7934: Block Physical Size Limit - Preventing "Data Bomb"

Core pain point: Lack of physical block size limits may be exploited by attackers to create "data bombs."

This improvement sets a hard limit of 10MB for each block to prevent abnormally large blocks from affecting network propagation:

"This is equivalent to setting a maximum size for trucks on the highway," explained cybersecurity expert David Wang, "to prevent 'oversized' vehicles from blocking traffic, ensuring that blocks can propagate quickly across the network, reducing latency, and enhancing the network's stability and resilience against attacks."

#####· EIP-7825: Single Transaction Gas Limit - Ensuring Fair Resource Distribution

Core pain point: A single transaction without a Gas limit may lead to resource monopolization and unfairness.

Set a hard cap of 16.77 million Gas for each transaction to ensure fair distribution of network resources:

"It's like preventing someone from taking half of the buffet at a self-service restaurant," said system architect Mark Johnson. "It enhances the fairness and predictability of the network, ensuring that no single transaction can 'dominate' and that ordinary users' transactions won't be excessively delayed due to a 'super large order.'"

#####· EIP-7823 & EIP-7883: ModExp Precompiled Security Hardening

Core Pain Point: The ModExp function has a security vulnerability that could be exploited by attackers to consume node resources.

These two improvements work together to set an input length limit for ModExp and adjust the Gas fee standards:

"It's like setting a 'maximum workload' for a computing service while also adjusting the 'tiered pricing,'" said cryptography expert Lisa Chen. "This prevents malicious users from abusing the service, removes a potential attack vector, and enhances the overall robustness of the network."

####Functional Innovation: Providing Powerful Tools for Developers

In addition to scalability and security, Fusaka also brings a series of practical new tools and features for developers, significantly enhancing development efficiency and user experience.

#####· EIP-7951: Compatibility with Mainstream Hardware Signatures - Opening the Door to Billions of Devices

Core pain point: The encryption standards used by Ethereum are incompatible with mainstream hardware devices, limiting widespread adoption.

Add precompiled contracts to enable Ethereum to natively support the secp256r1 (P-256) encryption standard:

"This is a milestone improvement," said hardware security expert Robert Chen, "it opens the door for Ethereum to billions of hardware devices worldwide. In the future, you will be able to sign Ethereum transactions directly using the secure chip in your phone, without the need for additional wallet applications or complicated conversions, resulting in a smoother experience and higher security."

This improvement greatly lowers the threshold for the traditional world to access Ethereum, which is a significant benefit for the integration of Web2 and Web3, and may become a key catalyst for mass adoption.

#####· EIP-7939: CLZ Efficient Calculation Instruction - Enhancing Smart Contract Efficiency

Core pain point: Lack of efficient bit manipulation instructions, resulting in high costs for certain computations.

The new "CLZ" (Count Leading Zeros) instruction is added in the EVM, completing the calculation in one step:

"This is like providing developers with a professional tool that saves time and effort," explained smart contract development expert Michael Zhang. "It can significantly reduce the Gas cost of related computations, allowing applications that rely on complex mathematical calculations (especially ZK Rollups) to run cheaper and more efficiently."

####Network Optimization: Laying the Foundation for Long-term Health

The last two EIPs may not be strongly perceived by users, but they are crucial for the long-term health and coordination efficiency of the network.

#####· EIP-7642: Reduce the Synchronization Burden for New Nodes - Lower the Participation Threshold

Core pain point: The historical data of Ethereum is too large, making it difficult for new nodes to synchronize.

Introduce the "historical data expiration" strategy to simplify the transaction receipt format:

"This improvement allows nodes to run 'leaner,'" said infrastructure expert Jennifer Lee. "Each full node sync can reduce data transmission by about 530GB! A lower threshold means more people can run nodes, enhancing the decentralization and robustness of the network."

#####· EIP-7917: Deterministic Block Order and Pre-confirmation - Paving the Way for Based Rollup

Core pain point: Layer 2 relies on centralized sequencers, which contradicts the spirit of decentralization.

Modify the consensus protocol so that the Proposer order for the upcoming period can be predetermined:

"This improvement is a key cornerstone for realizing next-generation decentralized solutions such as Based Rollup," explained Layer 2 researcher David Wong. "It transforms 'on-site lottery' into a publicly verifiable, pre-scheduled 'block production timetable,' enabling Layer 2 gateways to negotiate in advance with future block proposers to obtain reliable pre-confirmations, thereby providing an instant trading experience while maintaining decentralization."

####Strategic Significance of the Fusaka Upgrade: Why is it Timely?

The Fusaka upgrade is not only a technical iteration but also an important strategic upgrade for Ethereum against the backdrop of traditional finance, where RWA and stablecoins are being massively brought on-chain. Currently, Ethereum serves as the main battlefield, carrying over 56% of the total stablecoin supply in the network and has become the core settlement layer of the global digital dollar economy.

"The goal of Fusaka is to prepare for assets and trading volumes at the 'Wall Street' level," said crypto strategy advisor Mark Wilson. "It adopts a strategy of 'sacrificing short-term fee income for greater economic activity', aiming to increase the overall GDP of the network, allowing more transactions to convert into more staking and ETH burns, thereby supporting the value of the entire network."

#####· Provide unlimited scalability "fuel" for institutional-grade Layer 2

With the entry of traditional financial institutions, we will see an increasing number of Layer 2 "dedicated chains" customized for specific needs (such as KYC compliance). Several proposals in Fusaka are aimed at meeting the demand for massive, inexpensive, and secure data storage space for these dedicated chains.

"Ethereum is transitioning from a single network to a multi-layered financial infrastructure ecosystem," explained blockchain architect Robert Lee. "The Fusaka upgrade will make Ethereum the secure base layer of this ecosystem, while various dedicated Layer 2 solutions will serve as the execution layer for different user groups and application scenarios."

#####· Moving towards "Trillion-Dollar Security" to build an unbreakable financial infrastructure

For financial institutions managing trillions of assets, security is an inviolable bottom line. Multiple security-related EIPs in Fusaka are designed to reinforce the "walls" of Ethereum, eliminate potential security risks, and move towards the grand goal of "trillion-dollar security."

"Ethereum is transforming from a 'speculative asset' into mainstream financial infrastructure," said security expert Lisa Zhang. "The Fusaka upgrade will help Ethereum seize the favorable policy winds and solidify its dominance in the stablecoin and asset on-chain space."

####Investor Perspective: The Potential Impact of the Fusaka Upgrade on ETH Price

From an investor's perspective, the Fusaka upgrade may have multiple impacts on the price of ETH:

Supply Reduction: The increase in transaction volume brought about by the expansion will lead to more ETH being burned. According to the EIP-1559 mechanism, this will reduce the net supply of ETH.

Increased Demand: A more efficient network will attract more developers and users, increasing the demand for ETH.

Staking yield enhancement: Increased trading volume will boost validators' earnings, attracting more ETH into the staking pool.

Institutional Adoption Acceleration: Enhanced security and compatibility with mainstream hardware will lower the entry barriers for institutions.

"Considering these factors, the Fusaka upgrade may become an important catalyst for ETH prices," predicted cryptocurrency market analyst Jennifer Moore. "Although the market response may be limited in the short term, in the long run, this upgrade lays a solid foundation for the revaluation of ETH's value."

####Conclusion: Deep Changes Beneath Still Waters

As an important upgrade at the end of 2025, Fusaka has quietly injected strong internal momentum into Ethereum without overwhelming market hype. The 12 improvements it includes directly address the three major pain points of scalability, security, and efficiency, broadening Ethereum's "value highway," enhancing its capacity and reliability, and preparing for a future with massive users, assets, and applications.

For ordinary users, these changes may be "quiet," but their impact will be profound. A more powerful, efficient, and secure Ethereum will have the capability to realize grand visions that were once only imaginable—whether it's a global instant settlement network or "on-chain Wall Street." Fusaka is a solid step towards this future.