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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Book Introduction
Origin of the Book Title
Table of Contents
Content Index
Grass Department
Wood Department
Fire Department
Valley
Fruit Department
Scales
Beast Department
Aves
Insect Department
Intermediary
Culinary Department
Water Department
Human Department
Department of Gold and Stone
Publishing and Communication
Other versions
Author Biography
Compendium of Materia Medica, a pharmacological work written by Li Shizhen.
This entry is a polysemy, with 8 meanings elaborated.
The "Compendium of Materia Medica" is a book published in 1993 by Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, and the author is Li Shizhen.
Fifty-two volumes. The author has used nearly 30 years of 时间编成, collected 1892 stalks, attached more than 1,000 banners, the sexual taste, the main treatment, the use of the 药法则, the land, the shape, the collection, the concoction, the square and the wu, etc., and more than 10,000 parties. 本书有韩、日、English,French,German,etc多种文字的全译本或节译本。 The culmination of my achievements before the 16th century.
The book not only corrects several errors in past pharmacology, integrates a large amount of scientific data, proposes a more scientific method of drug classification, incorporates advanced ideas of biological evolution, and reflects rich clinical practice. This book is also a work of natural history with a global impact, praised by foreign scholars as the "Giant Classic of Eastern Pharmacology."
Author
Li Shizhen
ISBN
9787532331192
Pricing
56 yuan
Publisher
Shanghai Scientific and Technological Publications
Publication Date
In 1993
Compendium of Materia Medica website Compendium of Materia Medica classification Compendium of Materia Medica content Compendium of Materia Medica book Compendium of Materia Medica network Compendium of Materia Medica directory大全 Compendium of Materia Medica large image Compendium of Materia Medica introduction Compendium of Materia Medica main content Compendium of Materia Medica content summary
Book Introduction
"Compendium of Materia Medica" is a compilation of the Ming Dynasty's great Li Xuanzhen (1518-1593) 为modified the ancient 医书中的错误 and 编, he used 毕生energetic, 亲历实践, 广harvest Bocai, 对bencao 忦行 comprehensive tidying up, 29 years of weaving, more than 30 years of painstaking crystals. Total 52 volume,载有药物1892种,其中载有新药374种,收集药方11096个,书中还绘制了1160幅exquisite 的插图,约190万字,分为16部、60类。 这种分类法,已经过渡到按自然演化的系统来进行了。 The family Linnaeus predates the Swedish family Linnaeus. 每种药物分列释名(确定名称)、集解(叙述产地)、正误(更正过去文献的错误)、修治(炮制方法)、气味、主治、发明(前三项指分析药物的功能)、附方(收集民间流传的药方)等项。 There are 881 seedlings and 61 seedlings, a total of 942 seedlings, plus 153 seedlings of named unused plants, a total of 1095 seedlings, accounting for 58% of all plants. Li Xuzhen divided the plants into five parts: grass part, grain part, vegetable part, fruit part, and main part, and also divided the grass part into mountain grass, yerba herb, wet grass, poisonous grass, vine grass, water grass, stone grass, moss grass, and sakweed. 是对16世纪以前中医药学的系统总结, also has outstanding achievements in the aspects of 训诂, 语言字, 历史, geography, plants, 动物, 矿物, metallurgy, etc. 本书17世纪末即传播,先后多种文字的译本,对世界自然科学也举世公认的卓越贡献。 It has been quoted in the text. 用它是几千来祖国药物学的总结。 这本药典,不论从它严密的科学分类,或者从它包含药物的数目之多和流畅生动的文笔来看,都远远超过古任何一本曲。 was 誉为 "东方药物Judian",对人类modern science 学以及医学方面影响最大。 是我国医药宝库中的一份珍贵遗产。 Its achievements, first of all, changed the original upper, middle, and lower three-product division method in the division of materials, and adopted the branch division of "dividing the family and the sub-heading". It divides the cubes into plants, plants, and cubes. It is divided into four parts: the gold department, the jade department, the stone department, and the jade department. 5 parts of plants, such as the performance, shape, and growth of plants, including grass, grain, vegetable, fruit, and wood; The grass part is divided into mountain grass, yerba materia grass, awakening grass, poisonous grass, water grass, vine grass, stone grass and other small strands. 动物一类,按低级向高级进化的顺序排列为虫部、鳞部、介部、Poultry 部、兽部、人部、6部。
Origin of the Book Title
关于《本草纲目》这部书名的Yu来还There is an interesting story. In 1578 AD, Li Minzhen, who was in his sixties, completed the "Bencao Fenmu", but unfortunately he had not yet decided on his name. One day, he sat down at the table. As soon as he saw yesterday's "Tonglu 纲目" placed on the case, he suddenly felt a slash in his heart, immediately lifted the slush, dipped it in ink, and wrote down the powerful big characters of "Bencao Lingmu" on the cover of the white manuscript. He said to himself, "Oh, let's call it "Bencao Qimu"!" 为了这部书的体例,李时珍考虑了许久,也翻阅some 书籍,并从《通鉴纲目》中得到启示,决定采用"以纲挈目"的体例来编这部书,并以《本草纲目》这个名称作为自己经历27 years collection, sorting, 编纂的这部书的书名。
Its achievements, first of all, changed the original upper, middle, and lower three-product division method in the division of materials, and adopted the branch division of "dividing the family and the sub-heading". It divides the cubes into plants, plants, and cubes. It is divided into four parts: the gold department, the jade department, the stone department, and the jade department. 5 parts of plants, such as the performance, shape, and growth of plants, including grass, grain, vegetable, fruit, and wood; The grass part is divided into mountain grass, yerba materia grass, awakening grass, poisonous grass, water grass, vine grass, stone grass and other small strands. 动物一类,按低级向高级进化的顺序排列为虫部、鳞部、介部、Poultry 部、兽部、人部、6部。 There is a service department. 这种分类法,已经过渡到按自然演化的系统来进行了。 从无机到有机,从简单到复杂,从低级到高级,这种分类法明显包含organism进化的思想,受到达尔文的高度重视。 In the "动物 and Plant in 家养下变异", he quotes the seven 个品种 and the golden squid in the "Bencao 纲目". In particular, the family of plants is 200 years earlier than the Swedish family Linnaeus.
"Bencao 纲目" is a pan-involved 医学, 药物学, organism 学, 矿物学, 化学, 环境与biological (玎organism,遗传与变异等诸多科学领域。 In the history of chemical warfare, it has long been involved in a series of chemical regurgitations, such as gold pipes, gold pipes, gold chlorides, sulfides, and so on. 同时又记载了蒸馏、结crystal、升华、沈淀、dry dry 等现代化学中应用的一些操作方法。 Li Minzhen pointed out that the moon and the earth are both heavenly beings with mountains and rivers, and "the moon is the soul, among which the mother-in-law is the shadow of the mountains and rivers." "Bencao Lingmu" is not only a masterpiece of my ancient encyclopedia. As Li Jianyuan pointed out in "The Essence of Materia Medica": "From the top to the canon, down to the qi, where there is a relationship, there is no harvest, and the life is not harvested, and the life is lost. ”
Table of Contents
Original Preface of "Compendium of Materia Medica"
Commentary on the "Compendium of Materia Medica"
"Compendium of Materia Medica" Preface
Example
Volume Two of the Table of Contents
Volume II of the Preface\Preface
Volume Three of Main Treatments\Medicinal Herbs for Various Diseases
Main Treatment Volume Three\Medicinal Treatments for All Diseases
The Fourth Volume of Main Treatments\Medicinal Cures for All Diseases
Water Department
Herb
Wood Department
Earth Department
Fire Department
Valley
Fruit Section
scales
Beast Department
Aves
Insect Department
Intermediary
Vegetable Department
Human Department
Department of Gold and Stone
Content Index
Grass Department
Licorice, Cistanche, Campanula, Pinus Pinus, Huangjing, Wilted Worm, Zhimu, Cistanche, Liedang, Red Arrow (Tianma), Bulbophyllum, Dogridge, Bajantian, Zhizhi, Xianmao, Xuanjian, Diyu, Dang, Purple Ginseng, Comfrey, Baiweng Weng, Sanqi, Huang, Hu Huang, Huang Qian, Qin Jiao, Zhu Hu, Qianhu, Fang, Fox, Cohosh, Ginseng, Yanhuso, Zhenmu, Stone Garlic, Bai Mao, Gong Xuan, Ji Xin, Ji Ji, Xu Qiqing, Bai Wei, Bai Qian, Jin Di Lu, Sandalwood, Qiang, T Dangdang, Bulbophyllum, Snake bed, White Pycnogenol, Peony, Woody, Jatamanta, Duruo, Galangal, Tulip, Ginger, Bone Lipid, Nootropic, Bronzam, White Cardamom, Cardamom, Pedicle, Sedge Aconite, Lotus, Tonka, Grass, Bulbophyllum, Artemisia annua, Bulbophyllum vulgaris, Bulbophyllum vulgaris, Bulbophyllum chinensis, Bulbophyllum chinensis, Lotus flower, Lotus seed, Lotus flower, Lotus seed, Lotus flower, Lotus root, Lotus seed, Lotus seed, Lotus root, Lotus seed, Lotus root, Lotus root, Lotus seed, Lotus seed, Lotus root, Lotus seed, Lotus root, Lotus seed, Lotus seed, Lotus root, Lotus root, Lotus seed, Lotus root, Peppermint, Peppermint, Chrysanthemum, Peony, Artemisia chinensis, Artemisia annua, Artemisia chinensis, Bulbophyllum chinensis, Bulbophyllum, Bulbophyllum chinensis, Bulbophyllum chinensis, Lycae, Peony, Woody Fragrance, Duruo, Galangal, Tulip, Ginger Mild, Bulbophyllum, Noochigote, Tonka Seed, White Cardamom, Cardamom, Sedge Aconite, Lotus Seed, Tonka Seed, Bulbophyllum, Bulbophyllum Li Gong, Ji Gong, Qiao, Qian, Sweet Banana, Qianxin Grass, Wood Seed, Ma Huang, Ground Yellow, Ox Knee, Aster Rose, Ben Dong Dong, Daylilies, Light Bamboo Leaf, Bulbophyllum Planta, Aoi, Hollyhock, Dragon Flower, Sour Tree, Shuyang Spring, Ben Qiang, Winter Flower, Sage Qu, Ji Ming, Di Qi, Qu Li, Wang Bu Liuxing, Bulbophyllum, Xuan Qian, Horse Verbena, Snake Han, Snake, Turtle, Cymbal, Qingdai, Ganbei, Lotus, Wattleweed, Knotweed, Tribulus terrestris, Valley Essence Grass, Sea Golden Sand, Semi-Silkworm, Purple Flower Grounding, Purple Flower, Butterfly Grass Shang Yan, Anti-sunflower, Euphorbia, Lu Qi, Gansui, Silky Silk, Hyoscya, Castor Beans, Quinoa, Aconite, Tianxiong, Dongzi, Leaky Basket, Qi, White Aconite, Tiger Palm, Banxia, Flea Xiu, Ghost Mortar, Shot Dry, Jade Hairpin, Taixian, Sitting Grass, Mandolin Flower, Sheep Hopper, Coriander Flower, Wild Grass, Yin Taro, Stone Dragon Rui, Lute Kiss, Envoy Junzi, Wood Turtle, Fan Turtle, Horse Turtle, Horse Turtle, Qiu Zhizi, Mu Niuzi, Spiral Flower, Purple Leaf, King Melon, Ge, Tianyun Dong, Baibu, He Shou Qi, Gu Xie, Soil Ling, Purple Seed, Butterfly Seed, Horse Seed, Mulberry, Purple Seed, Gourd, Gourd, Duck Seed, Mulberry, Mulberry, Wormwood, Mulberry, Mulberry, Silkworm, Mulberry, White Aconite, Tiger's Palm, Banxia, Flea Xiu, Oniusul, Shot Dry, Hostess, Fairy, Sitting Grass, Mandolin Flower, Sheep Hopper, Coriander Flower, Bulbophyllum, Bulbophyllum, Mulberry, White Aconite, Tiger's Palm, Banxia, Flea Xiu, Oniusul, Shot Dry, Hostess, Pinxian, Sitting Grass, Mandolin Flower, Sheep Hopper, Coriander Flower, Bulbophyllum Grass, Silky Taro, Stone Dragon Rui, Hyacinth Kiss, Castor Gentleman, Wood Turtle, Fan Turtle, Horse Mountain bean root, yellow seed, white chestnut, weixian xian, madder, fangji, tongcao, tongyumu, baiying, begging berry, pushi stone, wood weed, honeysuckle, yangyang, sheep's hooves, acid mold, calamus, jing, shuiping, amaranth, ping, algae, seaweed, konbu, dendrobium, bone crush, stone wei, venus grass, sedum, saxifrage grass, stone coriander, saxifrage, shiji grass, ground jin, shanli, yesterday's leaf He grass, curly cypress, stone pine, and horsetail.
Wood Department
Cypress, cloves, pine, cedar, cinnamon, wood, xinyi, true incense, nan, camphor, camphor, citrus sam, caesamus, lucis, benzoin, carbophyllum, camphor, sandalwood, bulbophyllum, bulbophyllum, beggarwood, amaranth, elm, baiji, water stalk, willow, willow, quercus, sacchar, acacia, acacia chinese, qinpi, locust camphoria, neem, sea tong, cylindrical tree, sycamore, catalpa, lacquer, tsubaki, eucommia, sandalwood, tillerwood, chestnut wood, cymbal, saccharon, spp. Palm hazel, croton, large mackerel, awe, acacia, mulberry, citrus, citrus, quercus, sour tree, white thorn, mushroom, dogwood, beard, golden tree, plum, rhamnose, female slush, holly, lyric bone, spear, nan, wujia, heather, oyster, aster seed, hibiscus, hibiscus, elderberry, poria, amber, citrus, thunder pill, mulberry parasitism, bamboo, bamboo millet
Fire Department
Aihuo, Denghuo, Shenzhenhuo
Valley
Sesame, hemp, wheat, barley, millet, buckwheat, rice, japonica rice, indica rice, proso millet, broomcorn millet, sweet corn, foxtail millet, millet, gourd seeds, barnyard millet, poppy seeds, lotus seeds, soybean, yellow soybean, red adzuki bean, green bean, pea, cowpea, lentil, sword bean, tofu, steamed cake, yeast, shenchun, red yeast, maltose, sauce, vinegar, wine, shaojiu, zhao.
Fruit Section
Plum, apricot, almond, plum, chestnut, taro, pear, papaya, hawthorn, fang, hawthorn, ringo, persimmon, cypress, tangerine, orange, orange, pomegranate, wolf, loquat, plum, pomelo, strontium apricot, walnut, peach, acorn, quercus song, lychee, a moon tree, olive sill, beech, sea pine nut, dragon eye, coconut, honey, lotus fruit, quercus fruit, quercus quince, citrus aurantium, Qin pepper, Shu pepper, quercus nut, quercus tomato, liqueur, watermelon, Grapes, tea, kiwi fruit, sugar cane, sugar, lettuce, Qiangong, Qiangong, stone honey, Cigu
scales
Dragon, hanging, loach, stone dragon, gecko, house gecko, snake skin, python, white flower snake, black snake, water snake, stone head fish, shad, crucian carp, perch, goldfish, eel, lamprey, loach, yellow catfish, cuttlefish, shrimp, seahorse, fish roe, carp, blue fish
Beast Department
Dog, Sheep, Cow, Horse, Donkey, Camel, Ejiao, Yellow Gelatin, Cow Gallstone, Dog Treasure, Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Rhinoceros, Wild Boar, Bear, Antelope, Deer, Elk, Musk, Civet, Cat, Rabbit, Otter, Rat, Macaque
Aves
Crane, Pelican, Goose, Duck, Pheasant, Sparrow, Bat, Cuckoo, Dove, Crow, Magpie, Eagle, Fish Hawk
Insect Section
Honey, beeswax, honeybee, wild bee, bee nest, artist, insect wax, mantis, silkworm, original silkworm, nine fragrant insects, locust, blister beetle, greenish-yellow, ramie, earthworm, spider, wall money, scorpion, leech, maggots, larvae, cicada, cicada skin, dung beetle, longhorn beetle, mole cricket, firefly, silverfish, pill bug, cockroach, flesh fly, toad, frog, centipede, earthworm, snail, slug, roundworm.
intermediary
water turtle, hawksbill turtle, soft-shelled turtle, crab, oyster, clam, pearl, stone caltrop, sea clam, clam, river snail, shellfish, mussel, field snail, snail
Culinary Department
Leek, leek, xue, garlic, gourd, mustard, white mustard, chili, lettuce, ginger, dried ginger, coriander, pigtail, alfalfa, amaranth, coriander, bitter vegetables, lettuce, white grass, dandelion, mushroom, fern, vetch, clay, deer weed, quinoa, taro, potato distill, sweet potato, lily, bamboo pipette, eggplant, lily, bitter gourd, stone cauliflower, winter squash, pumpkin, courgette, squash, bitter melon, seaweed, carcass, scarlet, squash, squash Fungus, acacia mushroom, fragrant mushroom, mushroom mushroom, earth fungus, ground ear, stone ear
Water Department
dew, clear water, winter frost, wax snow, summer ice, half sky river, flowing water, well water, sweet spring, warm soup, salt gall water, earth pulp, hot soup, pulp water
Human Department
Human urine, disordered hair, urinating white Yi, autumn stone, human cell
Department of Gold and Stone
Strontium, natural bollium, boulderium, plutonium, plutonium cream, powder strontium, stronthium, plutonium powder, plutonium, plutonium, white quartz, water strontium, water strontium powder, powder cream, strontium vermilion, sand, male millet, female millet, gypsum, talc, non-ash wood, five-color stone resin, calamine, yonming bow, stone coloss, stone cream, stone oil, charcoal, yanqishi, substitute ochre, yu yu, kong qing, zeng qing, cylindrium, bian qing, stone guan, arsenic, venus stone, gravel, lactite, golden tooth stone, stone swallow, food bowl, spindle stone, stone stone, red stone, stone stone, stone stone, red stone, stone stone, red stone, stone oil, stone stone, stone stone, stront stone, red tooth stone, stone swallow, stront stone, stront stone, strontite, stront stone, stront stron, stront stron, stront sand, male millet, female millet, gypsum, talc, non-ash wood, five-color stone resin, calamite stone, nipple stone, nipple stone, stone peony, stone oil, charcoal, yanqi, substitute ochre, yu yu, kong qing, zeng qing, cylindrical, arsenic, venus stone, gravel, lactite, golden tooth stone, stone swallow, food bowl, sting, condensate stone, ston, , stront stone, stront iron, stront iron, strontium iron, strontium, stronto, stront iron, strontium, stront sand, male millet, female millet, gypsum, talc, non-ash wood, five-color stone resin, calamite calamine, yonytonite, yonnecosis, stone plutonium milk, stone plutonium oil, charcoal Xuanjing stone, pu nitro (horse tooth nitro), xuanming powder, saltpeter, stone sulfur, stone sulfur, stone sulfur, stone stone, silk stone, yellow stone
Publishing and Communication
After the publication of "Bencao Shumu", Li Xuzhen hoped to publish it as soon as possible, and Li Xuzhen, who had more than 70 years, ran to Nanjing, the center of the publishing center, hoping to get through the private business. Due to the hard work of the years, Li Minzhen fell ill in bed, and in the midst of his illness, he ordered his children to take the "Bencao Qimu" to the imperial court, and with the help of the power of the imperial court, he spread it to the world. It is a pity that Li Zhuozhen has learned about the publication of "Materia Medica", so it has been recited by the world. In 1593, he was 76 years old.
Soon, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Xujun, ordered all parts of the Ming Dynasty to pay tribute to the imperial court, Li Jianzhen's son, Li Jianyuan. The imperial court approved the seven characters of "书留览, 礼部 knows", and put aside the "Bencao Lingmu". Houqi was still engraved by Hu Chenggong, a private engraver in Nanjing, and in the third year (1596) after Li Xuzhen's death, the "Bencao Shumu" was published. In 1603 AD, the "Bencao Qimu" was reprinted in Jiangxi. 从此,在国内得到广泛的传播。 There are more than 30 engraved copies of the "Bencao Qimu" so far. 1596年的Jinling Hucheng 龙刻本现藏于中国中医科学院图书馆,并与2010年3月入选为世界记忆亚太地区名录。
In 1606, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" was first introduced to Japan. In 1647, a Pole named Mikolaj came to China and translated the "Compendium of Materia Medica" into Latin, spreading it to Europe. Later, it was translated into Japanese, Korean, French, German, English, Russian, and other languages.
In the repertoire, Li Chanzhen pointed out the true utility of the Lotus, such as Changshan can cure the disease, and Yanhusuo can relieve pain. He gave examples of easy poisoning in daily life, such as using a shombo to make a wine container, because there are toxins that can be dissolved in the wine, and over time, the drinker is chronically poisoned. 他在写作中遇到难题时还跑到实地进行观察。 As seen in the herb, pangolins swallowing oysters is a catch. He got a live pangolin, and after inspecting its life patterns, he ate it with his tongue. He dissected the pangolin's stomach pouch again, and there was as many as a liter of worms in it.
Li Xuanzhen worked really hard and meticulously wrote down his magnum opus "Bencao Lingmu". Because he criticized the water strontium "poison" in the court, and for a long time obeyed the sophistries such as "becoming an immortal" and "长生", the ministers of the Emperor Bianjing all believed in the water strontium of the Taoist priests, so the works of the Emperor did not dare to be published, and it was not until his death in 1596 that he did not dare to publish them. After publishing, immediately caused a huge anti-响,人们到处传播它,并进行翻刻,成为医生们的必备书籍。 Since the 17th century, the "Bencao Zhuomu" has been written into five scripts: Japanese, German, English, French, and Russian. In 1953, the "Zhongxing People's Republic of China and the Republic of China" was published, which collected a total of 531 rice and xuan and plagiarism; Among them, more than 100 grains are harvested from the "Bencao Order".
British biologist Darwin referred to the "Compendium of Materia Medica" as the "Encyclopedia of 1596"!
In May 2011, the Jinling edition of the "Compendium of Materia Medica" was included in the World Memory Register.
Other versions
In 1578, the manuscript of the "Bencao Lingmu" was revised three times and finalized. In 1580 and 1590, Li Xunzhen went to Taiqian and Nanjing, and asked Wang Shizhen, who had served as a shangqi of the Criminal Department, to write the preface. From 1590 (the eighteenth year of the Ming Dynasty) to 1593 (the twenty-first year of the Ming Dynasty), it took four years before it was all engraved. In the Yuan Qi, Li Xunzhen told the world that he could witness the Materia Medica. Three years later, in 1596, the Materia Medica, in its entirety, was published in Nanjing. 目前该版本已成为世界珍宝,存世不需要。 The research of Professor Mayanagi in the famous history of Japan, 该书在世界收藏情况如下(括号内为目录中所列):
(1) 日本、国立公文书馆内阁文库本(别42函8号)全帙本。 为井口直树所献本。 It was photocopied and published by Osaka Orient Publishing House in 1992. (2)日本、国立国会图书馆本(205-5)全帙本。 为田泽Zhongshu的旧藏书,后献于国立国会图书馆。 (3) 日本、东洋文库本(11-3-A-c-23)虽是全帙本,但一部分是钞补内容,为Iwasaki Hisahisa 漥旧湦。 (4) Japan, 东北大学属属图书馆Kano Bun库本 (狩8?21595?36) full 帙本. The Nakano Henkichi's Shōzo Yoshi. (5)美国、国立国会图书馆本(G141.76/L61.4)[16]全帙本。 Japan's Sakuzo. (6)中国、中医Research Institute图书馆本(0953/子21-1578)全帙本,谓思补山房的旧藏书。 (7) 中国, Shanghai 图书馆本 (rare book 480471-90) full book. In 1993, it was photocopied and published by Shanghai Kexin Technology Publishing House. The root of the root of its Tibetan begging seal can be known, this begging once begged Shanghai before the liberation of the branch technology 术图书馆藏书. The earlier Tibetan seal is vague, only known as 为 "中国□□□ (Kexiaoyuan?). 图书馆"之Zang�书印。 (8) Japan, Kyoto Prefectural Plants, Omori Tsumeen Bunbun (38 Volumes), Vol. 19~21 and Vol. 47~49, 6 volumes. The plant widow Kotaro Shirai's Shōzo Tsuki. (9) Japan, Takeda Branch Zhen Yu Yamoto (贵593) 19~28, a total of 10 volumes. Egaku Materia Medica, Ono Miyama and Makumo Kaoji Kaoji Iji (峽兰轩的旧zang书). (10) Japan, 宫城县图书馆伊达文库本 (30196 伊? BR> 36~38, a total of 3 volumes. The Kao Qu Zhi Yu An-in, Oda Kuan, and Makumo's Kaoji Hirosaki Domain, Hirosaki Domain, and the Izuma Family are hidden. In addition to the above-mentioned famous Jinling edition, "Bencao 纲目" has Jiangxi edition, Hubei edition, Hangzhou edition, Benlitang edition and other many times, first and later in 国内翻engraved more than 60 times, Tong时还Some 简编本出现.
"Compendium of Materia Medica" Ming and Qing Good Editions (Jinling Book Shadow)
《本菜纲目》不仅为中国药物学的发展has made 重大贡献,而且对世界医药学、植物学、动物学、矿物学、化学的发展也产生了远的影响。 After its publication, it soon went to Japan, and then flowed to the United States, and was first published in Japanese, French, German, English, Latin, Russian, and Korean languages, covering five continents. As early as 1951, Li Minzhen was listed as a celebrity in the ancient world at the World Peace Council; His marble statue stands on the gallery of the Moscow Grand Valley. 不仅对中医药学具有极大贡献,而且对对 Nature Science 学的发展也;A huge push 动作用,誉为"东方医药Judian",英国名biology学家辔尔文也也ben "Bencao 纲目"中国Ancient Encyclopedia 全书". Li Qianse, a well-known scholar of the history of science and technology in Ying, wrote in the "History of the Technology of the Middle Dynasty": "In the 16th century, there are works of the great natural herbs, one is the "Essence of Materia Medica" in the early Shilu (1505), and the other is the "Essence of Materia Medica" at the end of the world (1595). "Li Xuanzhen not only cherishes the predecessors, but also pays attention to the body and the palace, and does not improve. Soon, his name spread all over the prefecture. Zhu Houkun, the third son of the Emperor of the Domain, was the third son of the Emperor of the Domain, and specially invited him to go to the royal palace to be ill with his own son-in-law. This son loves to eat flowers, raw rice, and soil, and Li Xunzhen has the above symptoms, and he is cured of the strange disease. Soon, the king of Chu, who had a domain in Wuchang, sent Li Minzhen to serve as an attendant. One day, the king of Chu's son suddenly fainted and fell unconscious, and after Li Mingen took advantage of the reasoning, he boldly used the vomit and captured the beast, and saved the life of the son of the world with death. As a result, Li Xuzhen was summoned to the Chu royal mansion to "Fengcizheng"( the official office ) charge of sacrificing arse, and also to manage the "Liangxi House" of the royal palace. It can be seen from this that Li Minzhen is a virtuous and noble student who does not value money, does not seek fame and fortune, and only seeks relief from the pain of the patient.
Compendium of Materia Medica
Author Biography
Li Qianzhen (李时zhen), also known as Li Qibi, was born in 1518 in the Watt Nitro (莰present-day 蕲春县啿州镇, Hubei Province). Before the Ming Dynasty, the area was the junction of Yuhu Lake and Gushi Lake, and the people along the lake often suffered from the water of the lake. Since the Ming Dynasty, he has blocked the upper water of the lake, and erected an embankment in the lake. There is a rain lake of 20 or 30 li in the vicinity of Watt Nitro, which is one of the scenic areas in Weizhou. In addition to flowers and plants, quercus trees, and bamboo forests, there are all kinds of wild seeds, which is a good place for a wealth of things.
Li Minzhen was born in a three-generation family, his grandfather was born in a family, and his father Li Yanmin, also known as Li Yuechi, was also a well-known student and once served as a "taixian official". 他不仅有丰富的临bed 经验、而且在医学理论上也有相当的修养,后来李时珍称赞自己的父亲在诊断disease 方面的知识是"精诣奥旨,浅学未窥造"。 Li Yanmin is the author of "Four Sayings", "Ai Ling", "Ren Ginseng Ling", "Acne Cures" and so on. Li Xuanzhen is a little bit in the realm.
In the feudal society, the status of Kusheng was very low, and the people who often "told fortunes" and "trigrams" were compared to each other, and some were deceived by bureaucrats, landlords, and tycoons. 这股势力在明更, 当时还定"医户" people can not change the line, 这种轻视医生的社会风气, prompting Li Yan闻产生了改换医户status of the idea, 决定让 Li 时zhen to take the road of Kedong, 这样 can obtain an official half-deaf, Xuzong Yaozu, therefore, Li Junzhen is required to recite the "Four Qi" and "Five Qi" every day, and to welcome the Kedong examination.
Li Xuanzhen and Xiao Ai are good at taking, and in the 14th year, he showed talent in the examination, and the latter was not allowed to be a person in the examination three times. One year, in a band of Guzhou, the river flooded, flooded the fields, flooded the city alleys, the fields were barren, the epidemic was serious, and the stomach disease was epidemic. 蕲州府举办's "药局", do not treat the people, the people are sick, all look for Li Zhenzhen's father 亲医治, 临走时,个个都道谢不绝。 Everything was seen by Li Minzhen. When Li Minzhen was 20 years old, he suffered from "bone steaming disease" (lung nucleus), coughing and smashing incessantly, and he gave up his life. The more Li Chanzhen thought about it, the more reluctant he was to take the road of science and medicine, and told his father that he was determined to be a good student to relieve the pain of a sick person, and his father had no choice but to answer when he saw that he was stunned.
During the day, Li Xuzhen went to the "Xuan Miao" with his father to see a doctor, and at night, under the oil pan, he familiarized himself with classical works such as "Inner Silk", "Bencao Silk", "Linghan Sick", and "脉经". Li Xuanzhen's spirit of supremacy is admirable, "Ten years of revelation, no court, no court." Because of his hard work, he mastered the method of healing. He used "Yanhusuo" to cure the stomach pain of Princess Hu of Xingmu, and cured the craving disease of King Fuyan's wife with Qiu, and Houji cured the illness of King Fu Yong with aconite and 汔汼 to cure the illness of King Fuji and was hired to serve the king of Chu.
After many years of serving, Li Minzhen has learned that to be a servant, you must understand both the principle and the theory. 如把药物的形态和性能摘错了,就会闹出人命来。 On the basis of the "Shenxi Bencao Materia Medica", he carefully reprinted the "Notes on the Collection of Materia Medica" written by Tao Hongjing during the Southern Dynasty Dynasty, the "New Cultivation of Materia Medica" of the Tang Dynasty, the "Bencao Materia Medica" of the Song Dynasty, the "Jiayou Materia Medica", the "Zhuoshi Zhiqi Materia Medica", and the "Materia Medica" of the Song Dynasty. Li Xun Zhen 发现 Ancient Materia Medica, there are many 问题, first of all, in the division of the 药物 is "grass and trees are not divided, and the fish and fish are mixed with each other". For example, "ginger" and "potato distillation" are listed in the vegetable department, and the ancient herb is included in the grass department; "Wilting" and "female wilting" are originally 两种药wood, while some herbs 乴说成 are a straw; "兰花" can only be provided for 观赏,不入药用,while some Bencao 书将 "兰花" 当作药用的"兰草"; What is even more important is the poisonous "Lute Vine", which is a "dark spirit" that benefits the people. 李时珍认为古本草书上那么多的错误,主要是对药物lack 实地调查的结果。
Since the Song Dynasty, the pharmacology in our country has made significant progress, especially with the frequent exchange of Chinese and foreign cultures, leading to an increase in foreign medicines, none of which were recorded in the herbal books. Li Shizhen believed it was necessary to modify and supplement the previous herbal texts. At this time, Li Shizhen was already 35 years old.
After five years, the court issued an edict to select a group of experienced doctors nationwide to fill the vacancies in the Imperial Medical Institute. The Prince of Chu, Zhu Yingliao from Wuchang, recommended Li Shizhen. Li Shizhen believed that Beijing was the capital of the Ming Dynasty, where not only important medical books from across the country were gathered, but also more medicinal materials could be found. This was an excellent opportunity to revise the Compendium of Materia Medica. Li Shizhen accepted the Prince's recommendation, entered the Imperial Medical Institute at the age of 41, and served as the chief judge of the institute.
Emperor Ming Shizong Zhu Houzong was an incredibly foolish emperor. He was obsessed with pursuing the elixir of immortality and wanted to become an immortal. The medical officials in the Imperial Medical Institute, in order to cater to Zhu Houzong's needs, not only collected "immortal formulas" and "elixirs" from all over the country but also searched through ancient herbal texts in the hope of finding the potion for eternal life. Some medical officials claimed that "long-term consumption of mercury can lead to immortality," while others said, "refining sulfur can enhance one's skin and energy." Some asserted, "Lingzhi is an immortal herb; long-term consumption can prolong life and enhance longevity." When Li Shizhen heard these absurd claims, he became even more determined to revise the herbal texts.
Li Shizhen took advantage of the good learning environment at the Imperial Medical Academy, reading a large number of medical books and extensively referencing works on classics, histories, local gazetteers, and unofficial histories. At the same time, he carefully observed both imported foreign and valuable domestic medicinal materials, meticulously recording their forms, characteristics, and places of origin. After about a year, in order to revise his herbal book, he no longer wished to delay and resigned under the pretext of needing to do so.
On the way home, one day, Li Shizhen stayed at an inn and met several horsemen who were working for the government. They were gathered around a small pot, boiling wild grass with roots and leaves. Li Shizhen approached to inquire, and the horsemen told him: "As horsemen, we run around outside all year long, and it's common to suffer from muscle and bone injuries. If we boil this medicinal herb into soup and drink it, it can relax the muscles and promote blood circulation." This herb is originally called "Guzihua" and is also known as "Xuanhua." Li Shizhen recorded the experience shared by the horsemen. He wrote: Xuanhua has the use of "benefiting qi and reconnecting tendons." This incident made Li Shizhen realize that modifying the herbal medicine book requires practical experience to make discoveries.
Li Shizhen conducted investigations and studies on the different records in various medical books to revise the Compendium of Materia Medica. To clarify the similarities between the apple, duckweed, and water lily, he visited the nearby Yuhu Lake, as well as the more distant Makou Lake, Yanshi Lake, and Chidong Lake for collection, patiently observing and comparing, and finally corrected the long-standing confusion in the Compendium.
After figuring out the shape of the white flower snake, Li Xuanzhen went to the Dragon Bee Mountain north of the city of Huizhou to hunt snakes (white flower snake 为蕲州特产), only to have someone sing: "The white flower snake, the word can ward off evil, the boss is as anxious as fire, and the doctor in the prefecture only forces me, and I can't break my flesh and skin." He was walking towards the heather vine, telling the white flower snake to eat the heather vine's leaves, so the heather vine became the "home" of the white flower snake, and it was on the heather vine day and night. After the snake catcher struck the white flower snake, he immediately picked up a handful of sand on the ground, and scattered the white flower snake, and the white flower snake encountered sand, it was really like flour meeting water, and the snake catcher immediately stepped forward with a wooden fork to fork the white flower snake's jaw, and grabbed the back of the snake with the other hand, and the white flower snake could no longer exert its power. Li Xuzhen stepped forward and inspected the shape of the white flower snake, only the snake was as large as a triangle, with 4 teeth in its mouth, 24 oblique squares on its back, and a spotted belly. After that, the snake catcher personality snake hung on the small tree next to the road, cut its abdomen with a knife, removed its inner body, and after the bend, the bamboo basket was drawn. 李时珍宰录了捕蛇过程中的每个细节活动,不仅补充本菜书,也为后来编写《白花蛇传,提供了重要material。 After the end of the year, Li Xuanzhen took advantage of the hunger-dispelling characteristics of the white flower snake and made the "white flower snake wine" that was half-disabled and medium-sized. The extract of the flower snake has the effect of nutrium, namarium pain, vascular and lowering effects.
Pangolins are also called mackerels, which are "capable of water, and go out of the middle of the day, and the pangolins are like dead birds, and they enter the armor, that is, they enter the water, and the beetles all float out of the water, and the beetles all float out and eat them." "Is the life of a pangolin really a mess? 为了清这个问题,李时珍 and 随猎人进进Into the deep mountains and old forests, 进行pangolin dissection,发现该动物 stomach 里确实装满了未digest的蚂蚁,证明了本草书的记载是正确的。 However, Li Xuanzhen's pangolin is not eaten by rays, but "often sticks out its tongue and eats it." 他修订了本草书上关于这一点的错误记载。 In Tongyun, he also collected the pangolin's garbage, and said that "the pangolin, the king does not stay, and the woman eats the milk flow".
Some people say that there is a straw in the north, called the mandolin flower, and after eating it, it makes people dance and make people dance, and it is heavily anesthetized. Li Minzhen looked for mandolins, and he went to the north. It is four or five feet tall, like an eggplant leaf, and the flower is like a yak flower, and the mandolin flower that merges in the morning and night, he has mastered the performance of the mandolin flower, and he has mastered the performance of the mandolin flower. "Cut the boil and moxibustion fire, it is advisable to take this first, and not to suffer from it." According to the analysis of the dynasty, the mandolin flower contains the role of the stelebender and the medullary effect, and the end of the mandolin contains the effect of the parasympathetic deity.
During his experiments with the toxicity of the mandala flower, Li Shizhen recalled the records in the Materia Medica about soybeans having the ability to counteract toxins from various medicines. He conducted multiple experiments and confirmed that using soybeans alone was insufficient for detoxification. However, if combined with licorice, the results were significantly better, and he stated: "Such matters must not be overlooked."
李时珍不仅对植物药、动物药进行仔细的调查、观察,对矿物药也did a few 调查工作。 He has traveled to the places of 过铜矿, 鿅矿, and Lime Cave to conduct investigations and research. 根据本草书的记载,铅是无毒的物质。 李时珍为了了解铅的性能,深入矿区,见到矿工们的艰苦工作条件,写道: "铅生山洞石间, 人挟矟翯入 into 数里, 随矿脉 up and down tortuous chopping zhi "通过对矿工们's health 调查,认识到铅是有毒物质,"性带阴poison,不多服". Tonghong also mastered the poisonous hepatitis caused by the poisoning of the permanium, and the disease of the scabies. "If the moon does not come out, the skin will wither, the belly will not be able to eat, and many diseases will cause death."
"Water strontium" is a former herb that is poisonous in its words; It is said that it has served the immortals for a long time; Words are immortal. What's the matter? Li Xuanzhen was told that water strontium was decomposed from dansa ("mercury comes from dansa"); Water strontium and sulfur are added together to form strontium zhu (mercury sulfide); Water strontium and so on, and can be turned into another seed, called conjugate powder (mercuric chloride). From this, he described the water strontium as a "dry and poisonous" substance. "If the service is not broken", "the poison is steamed into the muscles and bones", "the tendons and bones are painful, the carbuncle is leaking, or the hands and feet are broken, the ringworm is paralyzed, and after many years, it becomes a disease, and its harm is bad. Li Xuanzhen also rooted in the Six Dynasties to serve the water for a long time and caused the death of the body, and rebuked the long-serving water can be immortal, and wrote down: "Fang Shi is not enough, this herb can be presumptuous." ”
Li Shizhen was a practical-minded pharmacist; in order to complete the arduous task of revising the Compendium of Materia Medica, he traveled almost all over the famous mountains and rivers of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, and other places, covering no less than ten thousand miles. At the same time, he consulted more than 800 books, and after three revisions, he finally completed the Compendium of Materia Medica in the year he turned 61 (1578 AD). Later, with the help of his students, sons, and grandsons, the Compendium of Materia Medica became even more complete and exquisite. The Compendium of Materia Medica contains nearly 30 years of Li Shizhen's hard work and records the arduous journey he endured.
Li Shizhen also proposed the viewpoint that "birds are produced in the forest, therefore their feathers resemble leaves."
李时珍对人类的贡献是伟大, so it is deeply respected by future generations, 为了纪念这位伟大医药学家, "History of Ming", "Bai Maotang Collection" are all 为he 写下传记. Qingguang Nian was commemorated at Li Minzhen's tomb. After the liberation, the Li Zhenzhen Nian Mansion was established in Zhulinhu Village, where Li Qianzhen's tomb is located, which occupies 50,000 square meters of ground, and is composed of five parts: the Materia Medica Gallery, the Qiu Nian Zhan Gallery, the Cuba Pavilion, the Hundred Herbs Pavilion, and the Tomb Tomb, and the name of Qiu Xiaoping on July 8, 1987. In 1956, Guo Moruo of the Kexiao family made a recitation of the sage, and wrote up: "The circle in the middle, the great achievement of the concentration of the sage, the essence of the 1892 sting, the essence of the 30 years." Benefit the people, so that how many people can prolong their lives! The life of the people is eternal. ”
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Compendium of Materia Medica Contents Preface to the Compendium of Materia Medica Table of Contents of the Compendium of Materia Medica Complete Book of Compendium of Materia Medica Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica Full Text of Compendium of Materia Medica Author of Compendium of Materia Medica Baicao Gangmu
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